Definition

Embedded components are built into the PCB substrate rather than mounted on the surface. Embedded passives use resistive foil (Ohmega-Ply) or high-Dk dielectric for capacitors. Embedded actives place bare die in cavities with micro-via connections. Benefits: reduced size, shorter interconnects (better signal integrity), improved reliability (no solder joints). Drawbacks: no rework possible, limited supplier base, higher NRE. Used in military/aerospace, medical implants, and ultra-compact consumer electronics. Requires specialized design tools and manufacturing processes.